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Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is primarily composed of methane gas (CH4) and small amounts of other hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane. It is often found in association with petroleum deposits, coal seams, and shale formations.
The formation of natural gas begins millions of years ago, when organic matter such as dead plants and animals accumulates in sedimentary rocks. Over time, the organic matter is buried under layers of sediment and subjected to high pressure and heat. This process, known as thermal maturation, converts the organic matter into hydrocarbons such as natural gas and oil.
As the hydrocarbons form, they migrate through the rock layers until they are trapped in porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or within impermeable rock formations, such as shale or salt domes. These trapped deposits of natural gas can be located and extracted using a variety of drilling and extraction techniques.
